Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 3,101–3,200 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA · Third Suffolk DistrictGEOID 25D25 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.298500K: 0.144 | 0.633500K: 0.469 | 44.5middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 51.5% | 55.929 km1,021 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 21GEOID 08021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.298500K: 0.302 | 0.775500K: 0.775 | 44.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 389.673 km3,051 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 153GEOID 13153 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.299 | 0.698500K: 0.698 | 40.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 86.895 km725 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 93GEOID 37093 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.308 | 0.757500K: 0.757 | 40.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.4% | 322.385 km7,531 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 103GEOID 29103 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.311 | 0.705500K: 0.706 | 40.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.2% | 35.639 km970 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 97GEOID 29097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.307 | 0.771500K: 0.771 | 40.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 59.929 km1,229 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 4GEOID 30004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.309 | 0.650500K: 0.650 | 40.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 40.978 km615 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 9GEOID 26009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.280 | 0.692500K: 0.686 | 40.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.9% | 56.47 km613 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 24GEOID 72024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.386 | 0.697500K: 0.725 | 40.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 22.7% | 48.972 km1,436 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 17GEOID 06017 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.218 | 0.799500K: 0.567 | 40.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 27.0% | 90.307 km1,061 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 58GEOID 36058 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.298500K: 0.300 | 0.734500K: 0.734 | 44.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 649.301 km5,785 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 27GEOID 09027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.302 | 0.724500K: 0.725 | 40.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 32.045 km595 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 142GEOID 29142 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.300 | 0.749500K: 0.749 | 40.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 295.118 km3,055 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (Senate) District 32GEOID 53032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.298500K: 0.262 | 0.729500K: 0.699 | 44.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 12.2% | 68.786 km1,640 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (House) District 32GEOID 53032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.262 | 0.729500K: 0.699 | 40.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 12.2% | 68.786 km1,640 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 193GEOID 42193 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.310 | 0.739500K: 0.739 | 40.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.8% | 197.911 km6,330 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 15GEOID 12015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.359 | 0.736500K: 0.765 | 40.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 16.9% | 351.12 km6,061 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · State Senate District 25GEOID 04025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.298500K: 0.299 | 0.770500K: 0.770 | 44.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 762.815 km3,353 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · State House District 25GEOID 04025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.299 | 0.770500K: 0.770 | 40.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 762.815 km3,353 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 31GEOID 45031 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.298500K: 0.309 | 0.774500K: 0.774 | 44.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.3% | 273.465 km2,848 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Washington-Chittenden State House DistrictGEOID 50WAC · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.299 | 0.595500K: 0.595 | 40.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 121.25 km797 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 102GEOID 37102 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.304 | 0.686500K: 0.687 | 40.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 47.382 km1,159 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 69GEOID 28069 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.307 | 0.717500K: 0.718 | 40.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 40.742 km855 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State Senate District 25GEOID 51025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.298500K: 0.129 | 0.877500K: 0.822 | 44.8middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 56.7% | 566.846 km11,897 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 16GEOID 45016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.298500K: 0.311 | 0.740500K: 0.740 | 40.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.1% | 104.396 km4,125 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State Senate District 37GEOID 44037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.403 | 0.820500K: 0.847 | 44.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 25.9% | 80.909 km2,438 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State Senate District 35GEOID 51035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.321 | 0.767500K: 0.767 | 44.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.9% | 74.988 km3,147 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 56GEOID 17056 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.305 | 0.764500K: 0.764 | 45.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 163.208 km2,267 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 71GEOID 45071 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.328 | 0.828500K: 0.828 | 40.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 9.0% | 87.971 km1,570 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Third Middlesex DistrictGEOID 25D15 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.305 | 0.697500K: 0.697 | 45.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 119.366 km1,996 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 121GEOID 13121 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.314 | 0.758500K: 0.759 | 40.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.8% | 147.087 km4,186 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 6GEOID 42006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.308 | 0.671500K: 0.671 | 45.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 117.507 km2,241 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 6GEOID 44006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.332 | 0.665500K: 0.668 | 40.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 10.1% | 14.958 km577 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State Senate District 22GEOID 23022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.313 | 0.783500K: 0.784 | 45.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.7% | 243.281 km4,891 vertices · 1 part · 1 hole |
| LA · State House District 2GEOID 22002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.309 | 0.750500K: 0.750 | 40.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 52.563 km956 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 4th Middlesex DistrictGEOID 25062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.308 | 0.682500K: 0.683 | 40.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 50.015 km923 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · Congressional District 2GEOID 0402 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.299500K: 0.302 | 0.842500K: 0.842 | 63.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 2,523.987 km21,492 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 2nd Franklin DistrictGEOID 25043 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.305 | 0.739500K: 0.739 | 40.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 171.176 km2,618 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 14GEOID 22014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.305 | 0.804500K: 0.805 | 40.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 124.817 km2,289 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 3rd Bristol DistrictGEOID 25012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.302 | 0.690500K: 0.690 | 40.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 67.798 km869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 70GEOID 18070 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.306 | 0.795500K: 0.795 | 40.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 289.395 km3,678 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 118GEOID 28118 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.171 | 0.878500K: 0.290 | 40.6middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 42.8% | 106.098 km1,083 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 64GEOID 47064 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.314 | 0.868500K: 0.868 | 40.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.8% | 169.163 km3,056 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 4GEOID 36004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.282 | 0.705500K: 0.716 | 40.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.6% | 101.087 km1,099 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 82GEOID 42082 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.302 | 0.733500K: 0.734 | 40.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 224.28 km1,937 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 71GEOID 30071 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.316 | 0.771500K: 0.771 | 40.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.4% | 301.165 km6,885 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 12GEOID 22012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.333 | 0.898500K: 0.898 | 45.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 10.3% | 400.469 km7,621 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 28GEOID 20028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.299500K: 0.300 | 0.790500K: 0.790 | 45.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 69.568 km732 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 57GEOID 21057 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.306 | 0.773500K: 0.773 | 40.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 118.39 km1,429 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 45GEOID 51045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.318 | 0.785500K: 0.786 | 40.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.8% | 398.692 km8,928 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 68GEOID 40068 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.302 | 0.763500K: 0.763 | 40.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 64.155 km637 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 7GEOID 72007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.299500K: 0.326 | 0.691500K: 0.692 | 40.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.2% | 37.845 km1,161 vertices · 1 part · 1 hole |
| MT · State House District 74GEOID 30074 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.308 | 0.629500K: 0.629 | 40.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 122.533 km2,292 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 10GEOID 13010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.314 | 0.815500K: 0.816 | 40.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.8% | 262.592 km5,979 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 105GEOID 45105 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.316 | 0.785500K: 0.785 | 40.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.3% | 172.141 km2,980 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 10GEOID 44010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.319 | 0.674500K: 0.676 | 40.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.0% | 14.676 km451 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 6th Essex DistrictGEOID 25029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.588 | 0.686500K: 0.859 | 40.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 49.1% | 53.507 km595 vertices · 1 part · 2 holes |
| MO · State House District 153GEOID 29153 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.302 | 0.742500K: 0.742 | 40.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 556.5 km3,787 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 149GEOID 36149 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.185 | 0.590500K: 0.475 | 40.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 38.3% | 156.861 km1,309 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 65GEOID 09065 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.306 | 0.617500K: 0.617 | 40.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 30.19 km902 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 17GEOID 48017 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.313 | 0.775500K: 0.776 | 41.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.2% | 640.497 km11,712 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 57GEOID 05057 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.324 | 0.817500K: 0.817 | 41.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.5% | 233.14 km5,400 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State Senate District 6GEOID 15006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.300500K: 0.196 | 0.718500K: 0.551 | 45.3middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 34.6% | 191.209 km1,502 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State Senate District 19GEOID 05019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.300500K: 0.301 | 0.821500K: 0.821 | 45.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 476.443 km4,910 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State Senate District 27GEOID 30027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.300500K: 0.306 | 0.781500K: 0.781 | 45.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 169.687 km2,662 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 92GEOID 55092 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.304 | 0.767500K: 0.767 | 41.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 170.561 km1,180 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (Senate) District 39GEOID 53039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.300500K: 0.307 | 0.840500K: 0.840 | 45.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.4% | 551.192 km7,573 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (House) District 39GEOID 53039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.307 | 0.840500K: 0.840 | 41.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.4% | 551.192 km7,573 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 13AGEOID 2713A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.311 | 0.718500K: 0.718 | 41.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.6% | 247.067 km4,143 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 97GEOID 55097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.310 | 0.825500K: 0.825 | 41.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 188.455 km2,705 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 95GEOID 51095 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.308 | 0.679500K: 0.680 | 41.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.5% | 46.396 km971 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 41BGEOID 2741B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.304 | 0.723500K: 0.724 | 41.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 90.663 km910 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 85GEOID 37085 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.311 | 0.720500K: 0.720 | 41.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.4% | 353.113 km9,732 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 48GEOID 55048 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.307 | 0.684500K: 0.685 | 41.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 145.78 km1,643 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 44GEOID 21044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.309 | 0.813500K: 0.814 | 41.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 51.017 km1,158 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 30GEOID 13030 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.300500K: 0.309 | 0.663500K: 0.664 | 41.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 95.039 km1,567 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · Congressional District 1GEOID 3501 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.301500K: 0.303 | 0.766500K: 0.766 | 63.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 1,380.304 km9,465 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 5GEOID 17005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.301500K: 0.309 | 0.740500K: 0.740 | 45.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 43.954 km1,672 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Congressional District 1GEOID 5501 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.301500K: 0.277 | 0.870500K: 0.806 | 63.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.8% | 573.117 km3,735 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State House District 61GEOID 17061 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.312 | 0.819500K: 0.820 | 41.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.6% | 100.437 km1,891 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 5GEOID 37005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.237 | 0.719500K: 0.731 | 41.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 21.3% | 375.88 km6,876 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State Senate District 14GEOID 48014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.301500K: 0.306 | 0.785500K: 0.785 | 45.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.7% | 237.382 km4,436 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · State Senate District 1GEOID 32001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.301500K: 0.302 | 0.690500K: 0.690 | 45.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 68.414 km894 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State Senate District 11GEOID 33011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.301500K: 0.308 | 0.689500K: 0.689 | 45.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.5% | 113.383 km1,642 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 65GEOID 44065 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.279 | 0.747500K: 0.633 | 41.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 7.4% | 26.58 km818 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 4BGEOID 3804B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.301 | 0.675500K: 0.675 | 41.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 536.215 km3,251 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 119GEOID 09119 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.314 | 0.682500K: 0.683 | 41.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.3% | 44.041 km981 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 43GEOID 37043 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.324 | 0.734500K: 0.734 | 41.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.1% | 223.431 km9,083 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 16GEOID 29016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.301500K: 0.302 | 0.666500K: 0.666 | 45.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 654.304 km5,275 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 45GEOID 23045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.161 | 0.765500K: 0.676 | 41.3middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 46.6% | 144.036 km3,068 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 2nd Plymouth DistrictGEOID 25112 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.270 | 0.730500K: 0.701 | 41.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 10.4% | 115.422 km2,450 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · Congressional District 2GEOID 3502 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.301500K: 0.302 | 0.753500K: 0.753 | 63.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 2,361.495 km10,979 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 37GEOID 51037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.311 | 0.764500K: 0.764 | 41.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 434.96 km9,162 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 52GEOID 05052 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.302 | 0.712500K: 0.712 | 41.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 437.601 km2,451 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 45GEOID 37045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.301500K: 0.307 | 0.722500K: 0.722 | 45.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 242.901 km3,530 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 37GEOID 17037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.301500K: 0.303 | 0.700500K: 0.701 | 45.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 623.062 km5,688 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 179GEOID 42179 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.307 | 0.709500K: 0.708 | 41.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 21.613 km400 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 71GEOID 29071 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.327 | 0.820500K: 0.821 | 41.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.0% | 40.394 km913 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 7th Hampden DistrictGEOID 25050 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.312 | 0.715500K: 0.715 | 41.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.3% | 178.802 km3,134 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 46GEOID 47046 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.301500K: 0.307 | 0.829500K: 0.829 | 41.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 215.699 km3,104 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features