Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 6,401–6,500 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN · State House District 49GEOID 18049 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.503500K: 0.511 | 0.875500K: 0.875 | 86.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 104.053 km1,998 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 51GEOID 55051 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.503500K: 0.506 | 0.840500K: 0.840 | 86.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 330.023 km2,513 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 10GEOID 08010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.503500K: 0.507 | 0.896500K: 0.896 | 90.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 56.574 km1,040 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · Congressional District 2GEOID 3002 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.503500K: 0.509 | 0.943500K: 0.943 | 94.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 2,617.499 km19,490 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 61AGEOID 2761A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.504500K: 0.510 | 0.832500K: 0.833 | 86.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 18.789 km355 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 62GEOID 09062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.504500K: 0.505 | 0.820500K: 0.820 | 86.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 99.144 km637 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 15GEOID 09015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.504500K: 0.506 | 0.833500K: 0.833 | 86.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 41.733 km439 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 55GEOID 36055 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.504500K: 0.505 | 0.802500K: 0.803 | 86.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 12.636 km158 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 79GEOID 09079 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.504500K: 0.513 | 0.845500K: 0.845 | 86.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.7% | 23.555 km448 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 15GEOID 15015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.504500K: 0.353 | 0.899500K: 0.820 | 86.7middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 30.1% | 146.253 km1,912 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 9BGEOID 2709B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.504500K: 0.505 | 0.866500K: 0.867 | 86.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 356.616 km2,416 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State Senate District 15GEOID 35015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.505500K: 0.518 | 0.847500K: 0.846 | 90.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.6% | 27.001 km346 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · State Senate District 37GEOID 34037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.505500K: 0.540 | 0.864500K: 0.864 | 90.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.6% | 45.779 km1,734 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Assembly District 37GEOID 34037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.505500K: 0.540 | 0.864500K: 0.864 | 86.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.6% | 45.779 km1,734 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 42GEOID 41042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.505500K: 0.520 | 0.818500K: 0.821 | 86.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 22.412 km359 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 102GEOID 26102 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.505500K: 0.356 | 0.871500K: 0.780 | 86.8middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 29.6% | 468.639 km1,610 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 40GEOID 28040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.505500K: 0.510 | 0.894500K: 0.894 | 86.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 31.007 km422 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 51GEOID 05051 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.505500K: 0.516 | 0.853500K: 0.853 | 86.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 49.185 km708 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State House District 14GEOID 02014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.505500K: 0.513 | 0.854500K: 0.855 | 86.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 17.165 km425 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 50GEOID 18050 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.506500K: 0.506 | 0.812500K: 0.812 | 86.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 228.625 km1,844 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 8th Hampden DistrictGEOID 25051 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.506500K: 0.515 | 0.858500K: 0.859 | 86.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 36.659 km532 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 11GEOID 23011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.506500K: 0.081 | 0.861500K: 0.628 | 86.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 84.0% | 190.317 km1,100 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 10GEOID 20010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.506500K: 0.509 | 0.832500K: 0.832 | 90.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 60.435 km749 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| DE · State Senate District 20GEOID 10020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.506500K: 0.503 | 0.881500K: 0.872 | 90.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 103.899 km1,023 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State Senate District 1GEOID 44001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.506500K: 0.524 | 0.840500K: 0.844 | 90.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 13.549 km356 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 36GEOID 09036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.506500K: 0.509 | 0.800500K: 0.801 | 87.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 75.653 km714 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 47GEOID 19047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.506500K: 0.507 | 0.818500K: 0.818 | 87.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 298.264 km1,978 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State House District 23GEOID 02023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.506500K: 0.508 | 0.848500K: 0.848 | 87.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 140.991 km845 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (Senate) District 23GEOID 53023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.506500K: 0.155 | 0.863500K: 0.700 | 90.6middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 69.4% | 136.312 km864 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (House) District 23GEOID 53023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.506500K: 0.155 | 0.863500K: 0.700 | 87.0middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 69.4% | 136.312 km864 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State Senate District 16GEOID 15016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.506500K: 0.527 | 0.830500K: 0.831 | 90.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.9% | 42.289 km911 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Orange-Caledonia State House DistrictGEOID 50ORC · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.510 | 0.821500K: 0.820 | 87.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 103.965 km869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 69GEOID 42069 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.514 | 0.917500K: 0.918 | 87.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 254.822 km3,300 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 60GEOID 12060 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.455 | 0.872500K: 0.738 | 87.1middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 10.2% | 78.713 km1,064 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State Senate District 25GEOID 26025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.507500K: 0.391 | 0.872500K: 0.828 | 90.7middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 22.9% | 567.162 km1,521 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 24GEOID 40024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.507500K: 0.507 | 0.895500K: 0.895 | 90.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 48.018 km504 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State House District 11GEOID 08011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.515 | 0.887500K: 0.887 | 87.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 43.24 km550 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 71GEOID 48071 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.507 | 0.803500K: 0.803 | 87.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 485.471 km2,424 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 5GEOID 41005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.512 | 0.910500K: 0.910 | 87.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 245.956 km2,005 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Carroll 01GEOID 33101 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.508 | 0.913500K: 0.915 | 87.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 67.766 km534 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 105GEOID 29105 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.524 | 0.812500K: 0.813 | 87.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 26.254 km605 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 9GEOID 15009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.507500K: 0.511 | 0.848500K: 0.853 | 87.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 38.424 km675 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 41GEOID 40041 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.508500K: 0.509 | 0.858500K: 0.858 | 90.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 73.879 km1,146 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 16GEOID 36016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.508500K: 0.282 | 0.883500K: 0.786 | 87.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 44.5% | 56.396 km562 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 73GEOID 28073 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.508500K: 0.522 | 0.873500K: 0.873 | 87.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 56.441 km936 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 56BGEOID 2756B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.508500K: 0.515 | 0.822500K: 0.822 | 87.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 40.257 km525 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 8GEOID 30008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.508500K: 0.545 | 0.868500K: 0.871 | 87.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.8% | 26.973 km696 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 2nd Worcester DistrictGEOID 25143 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.508500K: 0.522 | 0.840500K: 0.840 | 87.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 89.828 km1,189 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State Senate District 47GEOID 38047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.508500K: 0.511 | 0.802500K: 0.803 | 90.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 28.354 km229 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 47GEOID 38047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.508500K: 0.511 | 0.802500K: 0.803 | 87.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 28.354 km229 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 130GEOID 42130 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.509500K: 0.514 | 0.847500K: 0.847 | 87.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 115.692 km1,249 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 29GEOID 15029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.509500K: 0.523 | 0.904500K: 0.906 | 87.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 20.596 km261 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 97GEOID 12097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.509500K: 0.513 | 0.876500K: 0.876 | 87.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 38.496 km899 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State Senate District 23GEOID 18023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.509500K: 0.510 | 0.897500K: 0.897 | 90.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 347.149 km3,063 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 116GEOID 12116 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.509500K: 0.510 | 0.877500K: 0.877 | 87.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 38.901 km343 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State Senate District 28GEOID 38028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.509500K: 0.510 | 0.906500K: 0.906 | 91.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 570.02 km3,249 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 28GEOID 38028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.509500K: 0.510 | 0.906500K: 0.906 | 87.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 570.02 km3,249 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 100GEOID 12100 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.510500K: 0.273 | 0.895500K: 0.775 | 87.4middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 46.4% | 75.471 km1,192 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| DE · State Representative District 7GEOID 10007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.510500K: 0.454 | 0.836500K: 0.751 | 87.5middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 10.8% | 26.049 km1,017 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 39GEOID 23039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.510500K: 0.456 | 0.833500K: 0.819 | 87.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 10.6% | 74.63 km364 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 176GEOID 42176 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.519 | 0.854500K: 0.854 | 87.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 132.556 km1,502 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 65GEOID 26065 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.513 | 0.806500K: 0.806 | 87.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 226.713 km797 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Merrimack 13GEOID 33613 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.511 | 0.777500K: 0.777 | 87.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 53.858 km547 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 101GEOID 20101 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.511 | 0.828500K: 0.828 | 87.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 157.419 km1,271 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 69GEOID 37069 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.517 | 0.911500K: 0.911 | 87.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 94.832 km2,223 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 38GEOID 45038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.519 | 0.879500K: 0.880 | 87.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 102.71 km1,500 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 58GEOID 35058 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.540 | 0.923500K: 0.924 | 87.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.4% | 267.451 km3,848 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State Senate District 4GEOID 19004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.511500K: 0.511 | 0.816500K: 0.816 | 91.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 394.528 km2,136 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 8GEOID 08008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.511500K: 0.518 | 0.933500K: 0.933 | 91.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 1,093.702 km9,285 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State Senate District 35GEOID 26035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.511500K: 0.541 | 0.799500K: 0.877 | 91.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.5% | 220.867 km798 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 93GEOID 12093 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.514 | 0.885500K: 0.885 | 87.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 78.101 km461 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 51AGEOID 2751A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.514 | 0.902500K: 0.902 | 87.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 31.479 km487 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 68GEOID 35068 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.522 | 0.879500K: 0.879 | 87.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 23.739 km385 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 43GEOID 41043 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.511500K: 0.544 | 0.853500K: 0.855 | 87.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.0% | 22.632 km369 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 79GEOID 05079 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.512500K: 0.513 | 0.790500K: 0.790 | 87.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 36.192 km541 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 76GEOID 13076 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.512500K: 0.523 | 0.859500K: 0.861 | 87.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 41.886 km805 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Grafton 02GEOID 33402 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.512500K: 0.512 | 0.805500K: 0.805 | 87.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 99.749 km739 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 108GEOID 42108 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.512500K: 0.517 | 0.829500K: 0.829 | 87.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 147.405 km3,252 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 19BGEOID 2719B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.512500K: 0.513 | 0.887500K: 0.887 | 87.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 135.034 km680 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Orange-1 State House DistrictGEOID 50OR1 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.513500K: 0.513 | 0.785500K: 0.785 | 87.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 101.49 km518 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State Senate District 8GEOID 18008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.513500K: 0.513 | 0.873500K: 0.873 | 91.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 290.378 km2,865 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 66GEOID 55066 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.513500K: 0.523 | 0.885500K: 0.886 | 87.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 51.525 km623 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 87GEOID 48087 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.513500K: 0.513 | 0.797500K: 0.797 | 87.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 682.586 km1,518 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State House District 1GEOID 02001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.513500K: 0.032 | 0.832500K: 0.712 | 87.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 93.8% | 824.195 km3,313 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 44GEOID 55044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.513500K: 0.517 | 0.876500K: 0.877 | 87.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 118.93 km696 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State Senate District 33GEOID 39033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.513500K: 0.516 | 0.851500K: 0.851 | 91.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 293.311 km2,724 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Merrimack 21GEOID 33621 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.513500K: 0.516 | 0.965500K: 0.967 | 87.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 15.798 km171 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 23AGEOID 2723A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.514 | 0.864500K: 0.864 | 88.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 294.709 km1,636 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 122GEOID 42122 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.521 | 0.825500K: 0.825 | 88.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 156.594 km2,688 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · Assembly District 15GEOID 32015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.515 | 0.810500K: 0.810 | 88.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 28.572 km572 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 12GEOID 42012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.515 | 0.852500K: 0.852 | 88.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 67.712 km565 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 5GEOID 05005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.519 | 0.886500K: 0.887 | 88.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 151.638 km1,664 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State House District 12GEOID 56012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.528 | 0.882500K: 0.881 | 88.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.6% | 47.054 km526 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 45GEOID 12045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.520 | 0.929500K: 0.929 | 88.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 105.853 km1,740 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 84GEOID 37084 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.519 | 0.826500K: 0.826 | 88.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 167.165 km1,213 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 89GEOID 42089 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.514500K: 0.524 | 0.804500K: 0.804 | 88.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 97.699 km1,483 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 96GEOID 23096 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.515500K: 0.517 | 0.930500K: 0.930 | 88.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 36.729 km524 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State House District 22GEOID 08022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.515500K: 0.518 | 0.832500K: 0.833 | 88.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 32.871 km660 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · Congressional District (at Large)GEOID 3800 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.515500K: 0.530 | 0.981500K: 0.981 | 94.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 2,111.01 km32,440 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State Senate District 10GEOID 49010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.515500K: 0.526 | 0.885500K: 0.885 | 91.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 105.927 km1,526 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features