Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 701–800 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA · Congressional District 4GEOID 2504 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.174500K: 0.182 | 0.620500K: 0.621 | 22.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.3% | 364.052 km8,478 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · State Senate District 8GEOID 54008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.174500K: 0.179 | 0.656500K: 0.656 | 10.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.5% | 491.766 km9,054 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State Senate District 24GEOID 28024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.174500K: 0.176 | 0.693500K: 0.693 | 10.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.0% | 573.082 km6,304 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State Senate District 7GEOID 21007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.174500K: 0.179 | 0.654500K: 0.654 | 10.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 415.847 km7,120 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Congressional District 12GEOID 3412 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.174500K: 0.182 | 0.657500K: 0.657 | 22.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.0% | 288.352 km7,023 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 10GEOID 45010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.174500K: 0.178 | 0.562500K: 0.562 | 10.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.0% | 363.364 km7,513 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 118GEOID 29118 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.174500K: 0.179 | 0.628500K: 0.628 | 8.0lower decile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 359.824 km6,596 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 34GEOID 01034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.174500K: 0.180 | 0.755500K: 0.756 | 8.1lower decile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 283.815 km5,643 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · State Senate District 35GEOID 06035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.174500K: 0.171 | 0.557500K: 0.600 | 11.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 159.309 km2,566 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State Senate District 27GEOID 39027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.174500K: 0.181 | 0.756500K: 0.756 | 11.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.8% | 377.314 km4,706 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · State Senate District 18GEOID 06018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.175500K: 0.183 | 0.588500K: 0.588 | 11.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.4% | 1,425.974 km13,175 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State Senate District 20GEOID 21020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.175500K: 0.178 | 0.552500K: 0.552 | 11.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.0% | 413.595 km5,185 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Congressional District 4GEOID 0604 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.175500K: 0.184 | 0.679500K: 0.680 | 22.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.0% | 854.816 km16,781 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 83GEOID 09083 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.175500K: 0.178 | 0.554500K: 0.555 | 8.1lower decile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 68.971 km1,102 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 110GEOID 48110 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.175500K: 0.183 | 0.678500K: 0.678 | 8.1lower decile | stablePP difference 4.4% | 116.787 km2,854 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 61GEOID 39061 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.175500K: 0.181 | 0.582500K: 0.582 | 8.1lower decile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 308.533 km2,655 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · State Senate District 16GEOID 06016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.175500K: 0.177 | 0.717500K: 0.717 | 11.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.3% | 892.526 km10,169 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 163GEOID 13163 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.175500K: 0.178 | 0.542500K: 0.542 | 8.1lower decile | stablePP difference 1.4% | 80.771 km1,081 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 9GEOID 23009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.175500K: 0.160 | 0.536500K: 0.522 | 8.2lower decile | stablePP difference 8.6% | 237.615 km1,315 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State Senate District 29GEOID 47029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.175500K: 0.176 | 0.596500K: 0.595 | 11.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.7% | 240.533 km4,071 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 13GEOID 45013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.175500K: 0.180 | 0.693500K: 0.694 | 8.2lower decile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 259.855 km4,570 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 97GEOID 47097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.175500K: 0.180 | 0.638500K: 0.639 | 8.2lower decile | stablePP difference 2.9% | 80.36 km2,132 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 33GEOID 45033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.175500K: 0.159 | 0.594500K: 0.554 | 11.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 9.5% | 178.645 km2,753 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 98GEOID 01098 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.183 | 0.625500K: 0.625 | 8.2lower decile | stablePP difference 4.0% | 164.681 km3,804 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 20GEOID 08020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.185 | 0.759500K: 0.759 | 11.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.2% | 225.58 km3,926 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State Senate District 7GEOID 15007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.136 | 0.611500K: 0.390 | 11.4lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 22.4% | 609.039 km1,561 vertices · 3 parts · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 64GEOID 06064 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.183 | 0.670500K: 0.671 | 8.2lower decile | stablePP difference 4.0% | 104.916 km2,310 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 20GEOID 01020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.181 | 0.637500K: 0.639 | 8.3lower decile | stablePP difference 2.9% | 110.441 km1,924 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · State Senate District 29GEOID 06029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.179 | 0.657500K: 0.658 | 11.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 212.682 km3,196 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 99GEOID 28099 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.178 | 0.679500K: 0.679 | 8.3lower decile | stablePP difference 1.4% | 371.619 km4,112 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State Senate District 3GEOID 28003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.177 | 0.539500K: 0.539 | 11.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.6% | 446.793 km4,541 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Senate District 42GEOID 24042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.183 | 0.694500K: 0.694 | 11.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.1% | 260.738 km6,447 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · Congressional District 9GEOID 1309 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.176500K: 0.181 | 0.654500K: 0.654 | 22.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.9% | 800.072 km15,030 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 7GEOID 29007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.179 | 0.496500K: 0.497 | 11.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 117.571 km1,360 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 12th Plymouth DistrictGEOID 25122 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.172 | 0.626500K: 0.574 | 8.3lower decile | stablePP difference 2.3% | 125.146 km2,444 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 97GEOID 01097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.185 | 0.548500K: 0.592 | 8.3lower decile | stablePP difference 4.7% | 111.421 km1,975 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 38GEOID 21038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.184 | 0.609500K: 0.610 | 8.3lower decile | stablePP difference 4.1% | 58.144 km1,300 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State House District 80GEOID 17080 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.178 | 0.545500K: 0.545 | 8.3lower decile | stablePP difference 0.8% | 197.727 km2,839 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State Senate District 27GEOID 21027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.184 | 0.679500K: 0.679 | 11.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.2% | 583.407 km9,927 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State Senate District 20GEOID 01020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.176500K: 0.187 | 0.691500K: 0.692 | 11.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.6% | 160.431 km2,639 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative Subdistrict 42CGEOID 2442C · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.176500K: 0.183 | 0.727500K: 0.727 | 8.4lower decile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 151.517 km2,914 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 25GEOID 17025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.182 | 0.614500K: 0.614 | 11.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.9% | 136.72 km2,585 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 73GEOID 29073 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.186 | 0.652500K: 0.656 | 8.4lower decile | stablePP difference 5.0% | 54.689 km1,482 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 19GEOID 01019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.179 | 0.583500K: 0.584 | 8.4lower decile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 108.156 km1,803 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Congressional District 29GEOID 0629 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.177500K: 0.184 | 0.595500K: 0.595 | 23.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.2% | 154.387 km2,924 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 53GEOID 47053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.184 | 0.562500K: 0.562 | 8.4lower decile | stablePP difference 3.8% | 70.998 km2,035 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 19GEOID 42019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.181 | 0.651500K: 0.651 | 11.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 245.859 km4,947 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 143GEOID 13143 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.192 | 0.620500K: 0.621 | 8.5lower decile | stablePP difference 8.1% | 151.167 km3,723 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State Senate District 36GEOID 19036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.186 | 0.685500K: 0.685 | 11.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.7% | 116.188 km1,760 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 34GEOID 05034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.178 | 0.586500K: 0.586 | 8.5lower decile | stablePP difference 0.6% | 282.402 km3,113 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 62GEOID 28062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.186 | 0.606500K: 0.606 | 8.5lower decile | stablePP difference 4.6% | 176.426 km4,213 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State Senate District 1GEOID 72001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.225 | 0.667500K: 0.678 | 11.9lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 21.3% | 134.5 km4,916 vertices · 3 parts · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 35GEOID 15035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.200 | 0.625500K: 0.628 | 8.5lower decile | stablePP difference 11.2% | 40.672 km1,016 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State Senate District 31GEOID 21031 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.186 | 0.629500K: 0.629 | 12.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.8% | 596.296 km16,571 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · State Senate District 5GEOID 34005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.192 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 12.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 7.8% | 105.114 km4,038 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Assembly District 05GEOID 34005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.192 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 8.5lower decile | stablePP difference 7.8% | 105.114 km4,038 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 43GEOID 42043 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.188 | 0.701500K: 0.702 | 12.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.9% | 103.96 km2,844 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · State Senate District 23GEOID 34023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.177500K: 0.182 | 0.620500K: 0.620 | 12.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.3% | 324.753 km8,154 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Assembly District 23GEOID 34023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.182 | 0.620500K: 0.620 | 8.6lower decile | stablePP difference 2.3% | 324.753 km8,154 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 47GEOID 48047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.177500K: 0.183 | 0.646500K: 0.646 | 8.6lower decile | stablePP difference 3.1% | 192.004 km3,088 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 100GEOID 29100 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.182 | 0.677500K: 0.677 | 8.6lower decile | stablePP difference 2.6% | 44.996 km1,198 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 89GEOID 28089 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.188 | 0.703500K: 0.703 | 8.6lower decile | stablePP difference 5.5% | 166.21 km4,250 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 13GEOID 48013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.183 | 0.688500K: 0.688 | 8.6lower decile | stablePP difference 2.7% | 1,042.334 km10,295 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State Senate District 26GEOID 01026 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.178500K: 0.191 | 0.760500K: 0.760 | 12.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 7.1% | 231.744 km6,274 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 23GEOID 29023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.178500K: 0.183 | 0.599500K: 0.599 | 12.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.7% | 209.5 km2,518 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 63GEOID 36063 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.221 | 0.657500K: 0.678 | 8.7lower decile | stablePP difference 19.6% | 60.266 km905 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 123GEOID 13123 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.190 | 0.689500K: 0.689 | 8.7lower decile | stablePP difference 6.5% | 492.58 km14,997 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 22GEOID 41022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.183 | 0.627500K: 0.628 | 8.7lower decile | stablePP difference 3.1% | 116.202 km2,362 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State Senate District 8GEOID 47008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.178500K: 0.183 | 0.676500K: 0.676 | 12.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 570.097 km8,808 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 87GEOID 54087 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.187 | 0.656500K: 0.656 | 8.7lower decile | stablePP difference 4.6% | 154.635 km3,981 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · Congressional District 7GEOID 2707 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.178500K: 0.183 | 0.701500K: 0.701 | 23.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.9% | 2,416.555 km41,392 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State Senate District 31GEOID 44031 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.178500K: 0.197 | 0.603500K: 0.608 | 12.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 9.4% | 48.078 km1,670 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 60GEOID 51060 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.187 | 0.795500K: 0.795 | 8.7lower decile | stablePP difference 4.7% | 222.124 km8,442 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 65GEOID 21065 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.190 | 0.618500K: 0.619 | 8.8lower decile | stablePP difference 6.1% | 57.367 km1,787 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 23GEOID 72023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.248 | 0.712500K: 0.727 | 8.8lower decile | resolution sensitivePP difference 27.9% | 173.273 km5,431 vertices · 8 parts · 0 holes |
| NY · Congressional District 24GEOID 3624 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.178500K: 0.108 | 0.626500K: 0.503 | 23.6lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 39.4% | 1,359.205 km10,009 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State Senate District 21GEOID 48021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.178500K: 0.181 | 0.636500K: 0.636 | 12.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.3% | 1,746.025 km15,481 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 2GEOID 54002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.185 | 0.602500K: 0.600 | 8.8lower decile | stablePP difference 3.7% | 78.893 km1,836 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 30GEOID 06030 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.178500K: 0.148 | 0.684500K: 0.635 | 8.8lower decile | stablePP difference 16.8% | 1,061.608 km11,910 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · Congressional District 7GEOID 0407 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.179500K: 0.180 | 0.688500K: 0.688 | 23.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.5% | 1,677.173 km11,703 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State Senate District 45GEOID 19045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.179500K: 0.188 | 0.739500K: 0.739 | 12.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.2% | 64.987 km1,137 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 53GEOID 28053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.179500K: 0.184 | 0.646500K: 0.646 | 8.8lower decile | stablePP difference 3.0% | 315.996 km5,381 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State House District 15GEOID 17015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.179500K: 0.184 | 0.609500K: 0.609 | 8.9lower decile | stablePP difference 2.6% | 55.961 km1,970 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State Senate District 18GEOID 35018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.179500K: 0.184 | 0.584500K: 0.585 | 12.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.7% | 41.357 km575 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 3GEOID 37003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.179500K: 0.117 | 0.590500K: 0.551 | 12.5lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 34.9% | 623.392 km18,005 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 58GEOID 01058 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.179500K: 0.198 | 0.660500K: 0.661 | 8.9lower decile | stablePP difference 9.5% | 75.531 km1,480 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 65GEOID 29065 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.179500K: 0.183 | 0.530500K: 0.531 | 8.9lower decile | stablePP difference 2.0% | 178.225 km2,628 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 12GEOID 45012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.179500K: 0.182 | 0.562500K: 0.562 | 8.9lower decile | stablePP difference 1.7% | 306.433 km5,356 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 3GEOID 17003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.179500K: 0.185 | 0.518500K: 0.519 | 12.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 53.686 km1,732 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 83GEOID 01083 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.184 | 0.573500K: 0.573 | 8.9lower decile | stablePP difference 2.3% | 224.318 km3,145 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State Senate District 48GEOID 18048 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.180500K: 0.182 | 0.684500K: 0.685 | 12.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 655.614 km7,846 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 103GEOID 45103 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.185 | 0.670500K: 0.670 | 9.0lower decile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 432.059 km6,595 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 55GEOID 45055 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.184 | 0.555500K: 0.555 | 9.0lower decile | stablePP difference 2.4% | 307.226 km3,959 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 2nd Suffolk DistrictGEOID 25124 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.186 | 0.598500K: 0.599 | 9.0lower decile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 26.979 km759 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State Senate District 28GEOID 48028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.180500K: 0.181 | 0.588500K: 0.588 | 12.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.6% | 2,628.387 km14,734 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 57GEOID 28057 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.192 | 0.647500K: 0.648 | 9.0lower decile | stablePP difference 6.1% | 210.076 km5,320 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Senate District 25GEOID 24025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.180500K: 0.190 | 0.672500K: 0.673 | 12.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.1% | 108.881 km3,607 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative District 25GEOID 24025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.190 | 0.672500K: 0.673 | 9.1lower decile | stablePP difference 5.1% | 108.881 km3,607 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 81GEOID 28081 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.184 | 0.640500K: 0.641 | 9.1lower decile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 311.92 km4,945 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 19GEOID 22019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.180500K: 0.183 | 0.697500K: 0.697 | 12.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 435.811 km6,163 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features