Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 7,201–7,272 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VT · Addison-1 State House DistrictGEOID 50A-1 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.696500K: 0.697 | 0.951500K: 0.952 | 98.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 42.086 km360 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NE · State Senate District 48GEOID 31048 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.696500K: 0.697 | 0.994500K: 0.994 | 99.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 337.786 km1,561 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 123GEOID 23123 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.697500K: 0.380 | 0.948500K: 0.764 | 98.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 45.4% | 45.819 km511 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 56GEOID 36056 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.698500K: 0.699 | 0.942500K: 0.942 | 98.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 10.346 km147 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State Senate District 4GEOID 18004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.698500K: 0.536 | 0.972500K: 0.906 | 99.4middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 23.2% | 125.853 km1,113 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 80GEOID 09080 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.699500K: 0.708 | 0.942500K: 0.943 | 98.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 37.753 km484 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Cheshire 11GEOID 33211 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.700500K: 0.699 | 0.932500K: 0.933 | 99.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 50.789 km363 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Chittenden-1 State House DistrictGEOID 50C-1 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.700500K: 0.701 | 0.952500K: 0.953 | 99.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 39.062 km144 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Chittenden-25 State House DistrictGEOID 50C25 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.701500K: 0.704 | 0.943500K: 0.944 | 99.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 50.014 km391 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State Senate District 2GEOID 46002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.701500K: 0.701 | 0.953500K: 0.953 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 68.223 km700 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State House District 2GEOID 46002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.701500K: 0.701 | 0.953500K: 0.953 | 99.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 68.223 km700 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 25GEOID 20025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.705500K: 0.721 | 0.949500K: 0.952 | 99.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 18.493 km357 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State Senate District 14GEOID 15014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.705500K: 0.723 | 0.922500K: 0.921 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.5% | 31.673 km695 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 117GEOID 23117 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.705500K: 0.713 | 0.883500K: 0.890 | 99.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 7.825 km210 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 129GEOID 29129 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.706500K: 0.708 | 0.967500K: 0.968 | 99.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 164.099 km1,179 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 43GEOID 40043 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.706500K: 0.706 | 0.980500K: 0.980 | 99.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 25.899 km199 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State Senate District 14GEOID 46014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.707500K: 0.718 | 0.940500K: 0.941 | 99.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 17.335 km403 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State House District 14GEOID 46014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.707500K: 0.718 | 0.940500K: 0.941 | 99.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 17.335 km403 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 53GEOID 20053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.708500K: 0.711 | 0.959500K: 0.960 | 99.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 22.58 km328 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Rutland-9 State House DistrictGEOID 50R-9 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.708500K: 0.713 | 0.970500K: 0.970 | 99.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 42.825 km551 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Windham-2 State House DistrictGEOID 50W-2 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.709500K: 0.709 | 0.935500K: 0.936 | 99.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 93.069 km298 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 12GEOID 33712 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.710500K: 0.718 | 0.952500K: 0.954 | 99.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 26.6 km336 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · Congressional District 7GEOID 1807 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.711500K: 0.716 | 0.967500K: 0.967 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 113.698 km1,414 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Chittenden-5 State House DistrictGEOID 50C-5 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.713500K: 0.715 | 0.955500K: 0.955 | 99.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 48.908 km415 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State Senate District 16GEOID 44016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.713500K: 0.723 | 0.927500K: 0.929 | 99.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 9.092 km156 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Strafford 13GEOID 33813 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.714500K: 0.721 | 0.950500K: 0.952 | 99.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 19.162 km369 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 88GEOID 39088 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.715500K: 0.673 | 0.963500K: 0.964 | 99.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.9% | 210.059 km1,816 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State Senate District 3GEOID 38003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.724500K: 0.728 | 0.958500K: 0.959 | 99.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 80.241 km706 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 3GEOID 38003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.724500K: 0.728 | 0.958500K: 0.959 | 99.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 80.241 km706 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 59GEOID 20059 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.726500K: 0.727 | 0.966500K: 0.966 | 99.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 155.766 km1,079 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · Congressional District 27GEOID 1227 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.727500K: 0.291 | 0.950500K: 0.654 | 99.8middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 59.9% | 112.213 km899 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 16GEOID 09016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.727500K: 0.732 | 0.948500K: 0.949 | 99.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 39.156 km298 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Cheshire 13GEOID 33213 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.729500K: 0.727 | 0.986500K: 0.986 | 99.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 55.537 km238 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 05GEOID 33705 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.730500K: 0.731 | 0.989500K: 0.990 | 99.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 34.153 km287 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 09GEOID 33709 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.730500K: 0.733 | 0.960500K: 0.960 | 99.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 25.334 km252 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 13GEOID 33713 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.730500K: 0.732 | 0.973500K: 0.972 | 99.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 40.186 km385 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 49GEOID 42049 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.730500K: 0.572 | 0.959500K: 0.930 | 99.7middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 21.7% | 256.535 km530 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 76GEOID 40076 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.731500K: 0.735 | 0.961500K: 0.962 | 99.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 23.096 km171 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 9GEOID 42009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.736500K: 0.741 | 0.986500K: 0.985 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 94.917 km653 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 125GEOID 20125 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.736500K: 0.737 | 0.981500K: 0.981 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 198.579 km869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State Senate District FGEOID 0200F · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.739500K: 0.745 | 0.960500K: 0.960 | 99.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 30.98 km413 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 22GEOID 20022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.740500K: 0.745 | 0.970500K: 0.972 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 14.531 km279 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Windsor-Orange-2 State House DistrictGEOID 50YO2 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.741500K: 0.749 | 0.954500K: 0.955 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 87.262 km861 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Senate District 6GEOID 24006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.743500K: 0.275 | 0.942500K: 0.788 | 99.8middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 63.0% | 66.981 km588 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative District 6GEOID 24006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.743500K: 0.275 | 0.942500K: 0.788 | 99.5middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 63.0% | 66.981 km588 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 79GEOID 18079 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.744500K: 0.744 | 0.970500K: 0.970 | 99.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 187.043 km1,580 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Hillsborough 29GEOID 33529 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.745500K: 0.750 | 0.967500K: 0.968 | 99.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 40.503 km380 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Orleans-4 State House DistrictGEOID 50O-4 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.747500K: 0.747 | 0.973500K: 0.974 | 99.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 82.541 km515 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 08GEOID 33708 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.749500K: 0.749 | 0.990500K: 0.991 | 99.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 22.658 km214 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Windsor-3 State House DistrictGEOID 50Y-3 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.752500K: 0.756 | 0.966500K: 0.965 | 99.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 46.312 km504 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Cheshire 14GEOID 33214 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.752500K: 0.754 | 0.997500K: 0.999 | 99.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 41.453 km196 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NE · State Senate District 19GEOID 31019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.753500K: 0.753 | 0.999500K: 0.999 | 99.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 192.973 km1,346 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 60GEOID 23060 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.753500K: 0.760 | 0.986500K: 0.987 | 99.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 40.37 km217 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 32GEOID 29032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.762500K: 0.762 | 0.994500K: 0.994 | 100.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 232.706 km2,238 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State House District 37GEOID 49037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.762500K: 0.767 | 0.975500K: 0.976 | 99.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 15.938 km317 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 06GEOID 33706 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.762500K: 0.769 | 0.986500K: 0.987 | 99.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 26.896 km234 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Merrimack 14GEOID 33614 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.764500K: 0.764 | 0.996500K: 0.996 | 99.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 38.366 km436 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 65GEOID 37065 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.765500K: 0.765 | 0.999500K: 0.999 | 99.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 156.092 km3,320 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 07GEOID 33707 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.766500K: 0.767 | 0.996500K: 0.997 | 99.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 27.166 km249 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Rutland-3 State House DistrictGEOID 50R-3 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.768500K: 0.767 | 0.972500K: 0.973 | 99.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 42.354 km236 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Strafford 01GEOID 33801 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.770500K: 0.772 | 0.989500K: 0.991 | 99.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 39.48 km333 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State Senate District 5GEOID 46005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.772500K: 0.773 | 0.984500K: 0.984 | 100.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 77.634 km446 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State House District 5GEOID 46005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.772500K: 0.773 | 0.984500K: 0.984 | 99.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 77.634 km446 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Rockingham 04GEOID 33704 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.772500K: 0.773 | 0.984500K: 0.985 | 99.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 35.296 km344 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · Congressional District (at Large)GEOID 5600 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.773500K: 0.773 | 0.991500K: 0.991 | 100.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 2,027.603 km8,590 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Hillsborough 28GEOID 33528 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.774500K: 0.774 | 0.992500K: 0.992 | 99.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 50.243 km262 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 77GEOID 39077 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.779500K: 0.779 | 0.994500K: 0.994 | 99.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 152.429 km1,113 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 184GEOID 42184 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.780500K: 0.793 | 0.979500K: 0.980 | 99.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 17.338 km213 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 2nd Berkshire DistrictGEOID 25008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.781500K: 0.781 | 0.997500K: 0.998 | 99.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 42.029 km311 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 73GEOID 20073 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.783500K: 0.784 | 0.997500K: 0.997 | 100.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 154.811 km775 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 157GEOID 29157 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.783500K: 0.784 | 0.998500K: 0.997 | 100.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 159.602 km1,972 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 41GEOID 23041 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.813500K: 0.474 | 0.984500K: 0.902 | 100.0middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 41.7% | 48.985 km175 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features