Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 2,601–2,700 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA · State Senate District 16GEOID 42016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.275500K: 0.278 | 0.752500K: 0.752 | 37.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 256.083 km3,558 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State House District 33GEOID 02033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.275500K: 0.285 | 0.728500K: 0.728 | 33.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 115.713 km1,318 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · Congressional District 10GEOID 4210 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.275500K: 0.284 | 0.710500K: 0.710 | 54.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 391.008 km9,106 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State House District 48GEOID 56048 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.275500K: 0.283 | 0.667500K: 0.668 | 33.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 32.811 km665 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 10th Essex DistrictGEOID 25033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.275500K: 0.297 | 0.721500K: 0.726 | 33.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.3% | 20.903 km454 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 150GEOID 13150 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.275500K: 0.283 | 0.777500K: 0.777 | 33.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.6% | 408.558 km5,585 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| IA · Congressional District 4GEOID 1904 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.275500K: 0.289 | 0.729500K: 0.729 | 54.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.5% | 1,594.17 km21,001 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 9GEOID 42009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.275500K: 0.283 | 0.663500K: 0.664 | 37.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.6% | 162.303 km4,625 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 112GEOID 09112 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.275500K: 0.284 | 0.705500K: 0.706 | 33.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 65.588 km1,932 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 76GEOID 30076 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.282 | 0.722500K: 0.722 | 33.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 710.913 km9,789 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State Senate District 58GEOID 27058 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.276500K: 0.276 | 0.666500K: 0.666 | 37.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 271.012 km1,598 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · Congressional District 2GEOID 1702 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.276500K: 0.279 | 0.766500K: 0.767 | 55.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 680.939 km7,564 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 98GEOID 42098 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.302 | 0.724500K: 0.725 | 33.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.8% | 126.609 km5,163 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 11GEOID 20011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.276500K: 0.277 | 0.825500K: 0.825 | 37.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 78.575 km953 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 80GEOID 54080 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.290 | 0.786500K: 0.788 | 33.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.0% | 30.116 km722 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Norfolk and Middlesex DistrictGEOID 25D17 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.276500K: 0.285 | 0.694500K: 0.694 | 37.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.3% | 64.702 km1,824 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 8GEOID 41008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.280 | 0.782500K: 0.782 | 33.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 116.966 km2,201 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 32GEOID 35032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.276 | 0.691500K: 0.691 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 881.637 km4,156 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · Congressional District 10GEOID 3710 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.276500K: 0.278 | 0.689500K: 0.689 | 55.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 476.455 km6,641 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 36GEOID 17036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.276500K: 0.276 | 0.646500K: 0.646 | 37.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 363.414 km3,212 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 42GEOID 37042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.285 | 0.734500K: 0.735 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 110.755 km2,501 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 14GEOID 42014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.283 | 0.743500K: 0.744 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 143.989 km2,267 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State House District 28GEOID 56028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.279 | 0.702500K: 0.702 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 798.588 km5,638 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State Senate District 22GEOID 09022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.276500K: 0.293 | 0.647500K: 0.655 | 37.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.8% | 66.934 km1,950 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 87GEOID 36087 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.279 | 0.658500K: 0.657 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 17.961 km230 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 138GEOID 29138 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.283 | 0.713500K: 0.713 | 33.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 289.513 km3,067 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 18BGEOID 2718B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.287 | 0.701500K: 0.702 | 33.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.7% | 48.512 km705 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 94GEOID 26094 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.276500K: 0.280 | 0.734500K: 0.734 | 33.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 83.397 km693 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 25GEOID 22025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.276500K: 0.275 | 0.705500K: 0.704 | 37.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 597.272 km3,675 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 18GEOID 41018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.281 | 0.785500K: 0.785 | 33.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.7% | 412.103 km4,780 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 111GEOID 48111 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.284 | 0.711500K: 0.711 | 33.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 88.904 km1,464 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · Congressional District 20GEOID 1220 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.277500K: 0.278 | 0.773500K: 0.773 | 55.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 531.537 km3,724 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State Senate District 16GEOID 35016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.277500K: 0.287 | 0.642500K: 0.642 | 37.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 67.931 km1,260 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 60GEOID 22060 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.280 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 33.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 306.447 km2,331 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State Senate District 15GEOID 28015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.277500K: 0.280 | 0.761500K: 0.761 | 38.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 385.444 km4,902 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 40GEOID 13040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.284 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 33.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.4% | 120.792 km1,996 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State Senate District 11GEOID 51011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.277500K: 0.285 | 0.724500K: 0.724 | 38.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 460.186 km17,149 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 87GEOID 18087 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.289 | 0.724500K: 0.724 | 33.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.3% | 62.501 km1,735 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 9th Norfolk DistrictGEOID 25104 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.291 | 0.657500K: 0.658 | 33.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.7% | 86.951 km1,442 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Second Plymouth and Norfolk DistrictGEOID 25D34 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.277500K: 0.286 | 0.653500K: 0.653 | 38.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 101.223 km1,907 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · Congressional District 14GEOID 1714 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.277500K: 0.279 | 0.701500K: 0.701 | 55.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 484.192 km5,480 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 26GEOID 15026 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.285 | 0.668500K: 0.671 | 33.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 14.719 km524 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 22GEOID 06022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.282 | 0.751500K: 0.751 | 33.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 387.393 km3,206 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 74GEOID 22074 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.352 | 0.829500K: 0.831 | 33.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 21.2% | 224.859 km8,636 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State Senate District 16GEOID 51016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.277500K: 0.312 | 0.771500K: 0.771 | 38.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 11.1% | 100.006 km10,157 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 137GEOID 48137 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.277500K: 0.282 | 0.721500K: 0.722 | 33.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 49.192 km711 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State Senate District 25GEOID 56025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.277500K: 0.284 | 0.754500K: 0.754 | 38.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.4% | 566.761 km5,971 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · State Senate District 29GEOID 04029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.279 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 38.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 213.173 km2,068 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · State House District 29GEOID 04029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.279 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 33.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 213.173 km2,068 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 55GEOID 41055 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.282 | 0.738500K: 0.738 | 34.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 864.991 km11,495 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 34GEOID 06034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.284 | 0.841500K: 0.841 | 34.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 1,465.181 km18,086 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 14GEOID 21014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.284 | 0.766500K: 0.767 | 34.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 339.693 km3,866 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 37GEOID 40037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.279 | 0.611500K: 0.611 | 38.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 93.115 km1,035 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 20BGEOID 2720B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.279 | 0.715500K: 0.715 | 34.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 344.355 km2,615 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 98GEOID 05098 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.292 | 0.762500K: 0.762 | 34.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.8% | 331.058 km8,094 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State Senate District 37GEOID 51037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.316 | 0.739500K: 0.740 | 38.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 12.1% | 75.486 km3,981 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State Senate District 23GEOID 15023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.223 | 0.694500K: 0.638 | 38.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 19.7% | 228.938 km2,496 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 27GEOID 29027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.282 | 0.686500K: 0.687 | 38.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 682.539 km7,471 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Hillsborough 03GEOID 33503 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.295 | 0.643500K: 0.647 | 34.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.8% | 14.366 km367 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ID · State Senate District 35GEOID 16035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.281 | 0.754500K: 0.754 | 38.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 769.944 km7,327 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ID · State House District 35GEOID 16035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.281 | 0.754500K: 0.754 | 34.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 769.944 km7,327 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative Subdistrict 44AGEOID 2444A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.280 | 0.576500K: 0.577 | 34.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 31.258 km519 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 7GEOID 26007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.279 | 0.703500K: 0.703 | 34.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 49.75 km680 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 26GEOID 17026 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.288 | 0.742500K: 0.742 | 38.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 153.716 km2,777 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · Congressional District 12GEOID 1312 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.278500K: 0.290 | 0.856500K: 0.856 | 55.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.1% | 1,072.22 km22,648 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 45GEOID 17045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.278500K: 0.279 | 0.840500K: 0.840 | 38.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 582.97 km4,904 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 38GEOID 51038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.305 | 0.813500K: 0.814 | 34.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.9% | 65.964 km1,620 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · Congressional District 2GEOID 2302 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.278500K: 0.106 | 0.840500K: 0.827 | 56.1middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 61.8% | 1,879.078 km21,887 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 41GEOID 28041 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.288 | 0.755500K: 0.757 | 34.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.4% | 65.923 km1,593 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 3GEOID 35003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.278500K: 0.284 | 0.763500K: 0.763 | 34.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 303.38 km4,652 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 18GEOID 54018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.301 | 0.659500K: 0.659 | 34.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.4% | 193.925 km3,132 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 40GEOID 23040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.182 | 0.638500K: 0.549 | 34.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 34.6% | 182.415 km1,166 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State Senate District 29GEOID 18029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.279500K: 0.280 | 0.629500K: 0.630 | 38.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 98.41 km1,555 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 35GEOID 13035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.313 | 0.773500K: 0.774 | 34.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 11.0% | 50.989 km1,438 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State Senate District 10GEOID 19010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.279500K: 0.287 | 0.682500K: 0.681 | 38.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.0% | 72.316 km1,779 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · State Senate District 14GEOID 06014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.279500K: 0.285 | 0.752500K: 0.752 | 38.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 785.735 km10,061 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · State Senate District 3GEOID 06003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.279500K: 0.291 | 0.826500K: 0.833 | 38.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.1% | 612.071 km14,102 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State House District 45GEOID 49045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.285 | 0.637500K: 0.638 | 34.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 35.814 km913 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 62GEOID 12062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.177 | 0.658500K: 0.270 | 34.3middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 36.4% | 161.74 km2,204 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 83GEOID 40083 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.280 | 0.624500K: 0.624 | 34.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 38.759 km652 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State House District 22GEOID 56022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.283 | 0.788500K: 0.788 | 34.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 363.319 km2,892 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 159GEOID 29159 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.283 | 0.706500K: 0.707 | 34.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 299.035 km3,033 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · Congressional District 8GEOID 3908 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.279500K: 0.284 | 0.782500K: 0.782 | 56.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 458.446 km5,468 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 169GEOID 42169 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.289 | 0.756500K: 0.757 | 34.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 121.139 km1,795 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 114GEOID 45114 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.291 | 0.803500K: 0.804 | 34.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.0% | 110.638 km3,156 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State Senate District 5GEOID 09005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.279500K: 0.285 | 0.661500K: 0.661 | 38.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 97.518 km1,375 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Merrimack 23GEOID 33623 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.279500K: 0.291 | 0.600500K: 0.608 | 34.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.0% | 11.407 km200 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 13GEOID 28013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.282 | 0.735500K: 0.735 | 34.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 302.963 km3,653 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 33GEOID 37033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.310 | 0.759500K: 0.759 | 34.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 9.8% | 94.035 km3,738 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 58GEOID 17058 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.280500K: 0.283 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 38.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 731.046 km7,090 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 34GEOID 51034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.290 | 0.785500K: 0.785 | 34.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 195.508 km4,822 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 86GEOID 21086 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.305 | 0.844500K: 0.844 | 34.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.3% | 229.939 km5,218 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · Congressional District 13GEOID 4813 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.280500K: 0.283 | 0.670500K: 0.670 | 56.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 2,028.564 km12,528 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · State Senate District 22GEOID 04022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.280500K: 0.283 | 0.631500K: 0.631 | 38.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 113.71 km954 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · State House District 22GEOID 04022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.283 | 0.631500K: 0.631 | 34.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 113.71 km954 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 23GEOID 20023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.282 | 0.718500K: 0.717 | 34.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 26.414 km412 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Congressional District 1GEOID 2501 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.280500K: 0.286 | 0.740500K: 0.740 | 56.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 516.056 km4,523 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 75GEOID 42075 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.283 | 0.674500K: 0.674 | 34.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 376.32 km2,701 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 69GEOID 45069 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.288 | 0.781500K: 0.781 | 34.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 66.323 km1,282 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 34GEOID 48034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.280500K: 0.366 | 0.769500K: 0.801 | 34.6middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 23.4% | 275.5 km5,869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features